① 有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词,在英语中是及物动词,可能多一个介词。
如:serve for the people, follow after him, play with her in a match, marry with her, engage withher
② 有些动词可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,但搭配不同,可能混淆而多一个介词。
如:join in the game, 但 join in the club; pay for a tv set, 但 pay for three dollars; search for the map, 但 search for the thief for his watch
③ 有些“动词 介词”形式的动词后面没有宾语时,后面的介词是多余的。
如:
he looked at but could see nothing.
how are you getting on with?
④ 有些动词、名词、形容词后接名词或代词时须加一个介词,但接that从句时,必须去掉介词。
如:agree to it, 但 agree to that...; be sure of it, 但be sure of that…; be sorry for it, 但 be sorry for that…
⑤ 有些副词或介词词组后加一个介词,组成了复合介词,若后面没有接宾语时,最后的介词则是多余的。
如:
if you won’t go, i’ll go instead of.
he walked out of.
⑥ 有些连词后加 of 成为复合介词,如果后接从句,of 是多余的。
如:because of he was ill…
⑦ 地点副词的意义中已经包含了介词 to,如果再用 to则是多余的。
如:on my way to there, get to home, go to upstairs, return to home
⑧ last year, next month, this week, one day等名词词组直接充当时间状语,前面用介词是多余的。
⑨ 有些动词受汉语意思影响而多一副词。
如:stop down(停下来), raise up (举起来), return back(归来,回来), repeat again (复述)
⑩ 有些动词在一种用法中要加副词,而在另一种用法中加副词则是多余的。
如:build up our country, 但 build up railways
① 状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。
如:though… but; because… so; the more… and the more
② 充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。
如:
sitting down and he began to work.
regarded as the best in the class, so he was praised at the meeting.
③ 从属连词后多一 that。
如:because that… since that…, unless that…
④ 复合宾语前多一 that。
如:
i heard that him say it.
i found that her lying on the ground.
① 主语与谓语之间多一关系代词。
如:
some people don’t like football, but many people who do like it.
② 作定语的分词前多一关系代词。
如:
i know the boy who standing there.(也可在 who 后加 is)
the man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.(也可在 who 后加was)
③ 定语从句中的名词已由关系代词取代,再用代词则是多余的。
如:
she bought the book (that) she had first asked for it.
i have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of her.
④ 用不定式作定语时,如果其逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是被修饰的名词词组,后面再用代词是多余的。
如:
the tea is too hot to drink it.
he is a good comrade to work with him.
⑤ 在“形容词 不定式”句型中,如果不定式的逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是句子的主语,再用代词作宾语或介词宾语则是多余的。
如:
this question is too difficult to answer it.
the house is nice to live in it.
⑥ 在“连词 分词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词词组”结构中,加上代词作主语是多余的。
如:
he took notes while he reading.
if it heated, ice turns to water.
① 时间、条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时,用 will, would 是多余的。
如:
if he will try hard, he will succeed.
i’ll tell them about it as soon as they will come.
② be sure 或 make sure that 从句中用一般现在时表将来,用 will, would 是多余的。
如:
i make sure that you will come early.
③ 在宾语从句中主语前的助动词是多余的。
如:
would you tell me what do you want?
④ 独立结构中的 be(助动词或连系动词)是多余的。
如:
the game was over, he went home.
she smiled, tears were still running down her face.
① 与介词 at, in, to连用的名词 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, bed 等表示与其有关的活动时,用冠词是多余的。
如:go to the school(上学), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡觉)
② 与 by 连用的交通工具名称和 air, land, sea 等名词前用冠词是多余的。
如:by the bike, by the sea, by the train
③ 表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。
如:play the / a volleyball, play the chess, play the table tennis
④ 由“专有名词 普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。
如:the beijing airport, the oxford street, the hyde park
⑤ 在一些固定搭配中。
如:at the first, at the last, the most of us
⑥ most 作“非常”解时,前面用 the 是多余的。
如:
oh! it’s the most beautiful!
she is the most diligent.
⑦ 含有 day 的节日前加 the 是多余的。
如:the may day, the women’s day, the national day, the new year’s day
⑧ 在“名词 as / though…”结构中,名词前不用任何冠词。
如:a child as he is / a fool as he is
① 在 had better, would rather, rather than 后的不定式前用 to 是多余的。
如:
you had better not to go.
i would rather to stay at home
② 在 make, let, have, see, feel, watch, notice, observe 等使役、感官动词后充当宾语补足语的不定式前用 to 是多余的。
如:
he made me to do heavy work.
let me to hear you to play.
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